Objective This study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) in preventing pre-eclampsia at high risk and its effectiveness in correcting the imbalance of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PIGF).

Methods A retrospective study was conducted on high-risk pregnant women treated with G-CSF between January and December 2021. G-CSF was administered in conjunction with standard prophylactic treatments, including aspirin, heparin, calcium supplements, and folic acid. The incidence of PE, serum levels of PIGF, and the sFlt-1/PIGF ratio were monitored. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0.

Results Among 60 high-risk women, the incidence of PE was 1.8% (1/56). G-CSF treatment resulted in a 316.2% increase in PIGF levels and a 70.0% reduction in the sFlt-1/PIGF ratio, with 96.7% of patients returning to normal biomarker levels. Adverse effects were minimal and manageable. Pregnancy outcomes included a cesarean section rate of 78.6%, with no perinatal deaths or cases of fetal growth restriction.

Conclusions G-CSF shows potential as an adjunctive treatment for preventing PE in high-risk pregnancies, significantly improving key biomarkers and pregnancy outcomes with a tolerable safety profile. Further research is needed to validate these findings and assess long-term safety and efficacy.