Abstract: With the increase in cancer cases globally, researchers have tried various methods to treat cancer. The study of nanomedicine, a novel drug form, has gained popularity in the medical community. Nanomedicine is a significant component of both nanotechnology and medical technology, and it has attracted the attention of both industry and academia worldwide. Compared with traditional chemotherapy drugs, nanomedicine is great application potential due to its advantages of enhanced drug solubility, high adsorption and biological activity, reduced toxicity, and reduced drug resistance. The drugs used to treat cancer, the idea, and purpose of nanomedicine, its use in clinical settings, and its difficulties are all covered in this article. Numerous mechanisms of nanomedicine therapy have been reported, although it is not yet widely used. In the future, combining nanoparticles with chemotherapeutic agents may be one of the most effective ways to treat cancer.